Definition and Evaluation of Holistic Grading

Holistic grading is a method of evaluating a composition based on its overall quality. Also known as  global grading, single-impression scoring, and impressionistic grading. Developed by the Educational Testing Service, holistic grading is often used in large-scale assessments, such as college placement tests. Graders are expected to make judgments based on criteria that have been agreed upon before the start of an evaluation session. Contrast with analytic grading. Holistic grading is useful as a time-saving approach, but it does not provide students with detailed feedback. Observations Teachers who practice holistic grading refuse to break down a students essay into separate problems like punctuation and paragraphing, but base their grade on their immediate sense of the whole derived from a deliberately nonanalytical reading.(Peggy Rosenthal, Words and Values: Some Leading Words and Where They Lead Us. Oxford University Press, 1984)Holistic Grading and Peer ReviewIf the speed of grading is more important than detailed feedback, then  holistic grading is  more appropriate; it just means less feedback for the writer. Pairs or small groups can also evaluate one anothers work using this rubric. Called peer review, it gives them practice in evaluation, helps them internalize the criteria, and relieves you of the burden of grading.(Nancy Burkhalter,  Critical Thinking Now: Practical Teaching Methods for Classrooms Around the World.  Rowman Littlefield,  2016)Inductive Holistic Grading[Holistic grading] is relatively quick, efficient, reliable, and fair when ba cked by instructor experience, practice, and familiarity with the student performance range at the institution. In addition, it easily accommodates essays and assignments that demand higher-order thinking and have multiple respectable responses.With inductive holistic grading, which is suitable for small classes, you read quickly through all the responses or papers, rank each above or below the ones you have already read, from best to worst, and then group them for assigning grades. Finally, you write up descriptions of the quality of each group and then give them to students when you return their work. To personalize the feedback, you can add comments to each students sheet or highlight the most applicable parts of the appropriate description.(Linda B. Nilson, Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors, 3rd ed. Jossey-Bass, 2010)Advantages and Disadvantages of Holistic Grading- An advantage to holistic grading is that graders can evaluate many papers in a short span of time because they do not comment on or correct the students work. Advocates of this method also propose that it makes grading more objective, since students names do not appear on the papers and since the rater may not have had the student in a class . . ..Critics of the method have questioned its validity and reliability, arguing that holistic ratings are swayed by superficial factors such as length and appearance of an essay, that holistic ratings cannot be generalized beyond the group that designed the criteria for judgment, and that the agreed-upon criteria can limit the readers views on the merits of the writing they are evaluating . . ..(Edith Babin and Kimberly Harrison, Contemporary Composition Studies: A Guide to Theorists and Terms. Greenwood Press, 1999)- [H]olistic grading is  probably not the best tactic, even if it seems the easiest and quickest. Assigning a single score, grade, or judgment leaves the student unsure about both quality and content. On e simple approach is to give a composition one grade for content coverage and a separate grade for writing quality.(Robert C. Calfee and Roxanne Greitz Miller, Best Practices in Writing Assessment for Instruction.  Best Practices in Writing Instruction, 2nd ed., edited by  Steve Graham et al. Guilford Press, 2013)Holistic RubricsHolistic rubrics are the quickest way to score papers in any content area, requiring a teacher to read a paper only once. Teachers can develop rubrics by basing them on the content theyve taught and practiced; assess papers based on established criteria agreed upon by students and teachers; and give a single holistic score that indicates the quality level of the writing, ranging from deficient to competent to outstanding.(Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005)

Hiv And The Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 3032 Words

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, was discovered by Dr. Robert Gallo and Dr. Luc Montagnier. HIV had its first known case in a human in the year 1959. Though, its first known case in the United States was in 1981 when the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, known as the CDC, reported five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California with Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia, a rare form of pneumonia. These findings were published in CDC S Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, or MMWR, which is read by physicians around the world. Soon after, The New York Times reported that 41 homosexual men had been diagnosed with a rare cancer called Kaposi s Sarcoma. Since this disease was only spreading amongst gay men at the time,†¦show more content†¦There was no evidence that the patients had gotten AIDS through homosexual contact or drug use where the drug is injected into the vein. Though, there was proof that all of these patients had received Factor VIII concent rates which is a blood transfusion made by combining blood from hundreds of blood donors. The CDC began to receive reports of AIDS amongst a small group of Haitian migrants. AIDS had eventually become a disease of the Four- H club; the four H s meaning homosexuals heroin addicts, hemophiliacs and Haitians. Being included in the Four- H club caused controversy. Haitian Americans complained about stigmatization, officials accused the CDC of racism and Haiti began to decrease in tourism. Also, many Haitian immigrants lost their jobs and were evicted from their homes. The fact that certain viruses can pass between species has been known for a long time. The process of a viral transmission between animals and species is known as zoonosis. People soon began to create theories on how AIDS was developed and spread ; the hunter theory, also called the natural transfer theory, was one of them. This theory is the most simple and reasonable explanation of the AIDS cross-species transmission. In this theory, the virus was transmitted into humans from chimpanzees when a hunter would kill and eat them or the blood of the chimpanzee getting into cuts, wounds or bites of the hunter. This exposure to the blood or fluids

Fugitive Slave Act free essay sample

To say that I find a great interest in American history would be greatly falsified. However, when it comes to slavery it keeps me much more interested than anything else, at the edge of my seat almost. To know what our ancestors may have went through and sacrificed for us to have better lives today even if it wasn’t by choice. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 is an epitome source of one of the obstacles that African-American slaves had to face. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 mandated that in which slaves were to escape they were obligated to return them to their masters upon discovery. Criminal sanctions were also given to those who, in any form helped any slaves’ runaway. This act also made any federal marshal or any other official who didn’t arrest an alleged slave liable to pay a fine up to $1,000. This meant that every federal marshal or official most likely suspected 9 out of 10 African-Americans of being a run away slave because of the color of their skin. We will write a custom essay sample on Fugitive Slave Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At this risk, any suspected runaway slave was not able to ask for trial or even speak on behalf of her/himself. What I believe to make matters worst was that any officer official who captured a slave was given either a bonus or promotion. I believe that this Act and acts in relation to this were put in place to placate the concerns of the south on the spreading of sympathy on slavery in the government. This law required northern states even those that were against slavery, to abide and â€Å"respect† southern laws that declared slavery legal. Basically saying, although you may not agree with our laws and may oppose against slavery you must still report any runaway slave and bring them back to the south to get put through torture. This is, however, how the Fugitive Act is seen in my eyes. After being so intrigued at the source, I took it upon myself to do a bit of more research. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed by congress as a part of the compromise of 1850 between the Southern slave interest and the North soil movement. It has come to my attention that the Fugitive Slave Act was a supply of great controversial of the compromise of 1850, raising the fear of the Northern states for the ‘slave power conspiracy’. There is no other way to read and understand the source in any manner than what is blatantly written on paper, this Act was put in our laws because the white man felt that every African-American that was seen as â€Å"free† was just an escaped slave, running away from his/her master. This making even the Northern states, which did not believe in slavery, abide by the rules in which perhaps they felt were unethical. In conclusion, I would like to remind you that I feel, as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was one of the most unfair laws passed in The United States of America. Before the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, laws were passed in the North stating that any African-American in the North were free. Meaning that even escaped slaves from the south could be free in the North. However, Due to the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 these laws were overturned. This gave bounty hunters the right to approach African-Americans at random, prosecute them and claim they were escaped slaves. I believe this law even gave crooked bounty hunters the right to unfairly and wrongly send free, innocent African-Americans into slavery.

Research Proposal on Tesco Essay Example

Research Proposal on Tesco Essay Tesco is one of the biggest British retailers and multinational groceries and the second-largest retailer in the world. Being a multinational company, Tesco has its stores all over the world but the largest concentration of the stores is in the UK, Poland, Czech Republic, Ireland, Japan, etc. The company was established in 1919 and the name Tesco was introduced in 1924 and the first store appeared in the suburbs of London in 1929. The retail business of Tesco developed very quickly, because the popularity of such stores constantly increased, so by the 1939 the company owned more than 100 stores all over the country. In the 1990-ies Tesco entered the international arena and opened its stores in different countries of the world and increased the choice of its goods and services. For example, it is possible to purchase petrol, books, clothes, electrical appliances and other items in spite of food products. These innovations increased the popularity of the company and attracted more and more customers. Tesco has many different types of stores, which are located logically. For example, the small or standard-sized supermarkets are located in the city centers and in such profitable areas like train and metro stations; and the large hypermarkets are generally situated on the suburbs of the big cities where the area is extremely large. The main secret of Tesco’s success is the expansion on every sector of the market. The company does not limit itself with food products but sells all possible goods and offers numerous services to its customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Tesco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Tesco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Tesco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tesco is one of the most successful retailers in the world and it is interesting and useful to learn more about it. If the student wants to research the topic deeper, he can try to complete a research proposal and focus on the most thought-provoking points. A good Tesco research proposal should persuade the professor in the success of the choice of the topic with the help of the brand new facts and interesting predictions concerning the results of the investigation. One should present the purpose of the research, introduce the appropriate methods for the research and use only up-to-date reliable sources to collect information for the analysis. In order to cope with research proposal writing, the student should use the trustworthy help of the Internet and read a free example research proposal on Tesco written by an expert. With the help of this paper the student can learn many new things about the organization of the process of writing, the formatting of the paper, its structure and the appropriate way of the analysis of the topic. Furthermore, reading a free sample research proposal on Tesco a student learns to write in the convincing manner following the general requirements. NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Tesco are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!

Death Of Socrates essays

Death Of Socrates essays In contemporary with the Age of Enlightenment, also called the Age of Reason in France, neoclassical painters used famous works of literature as a source of inspiration for their paintings. The Death Of Socrates (1787; Oil on canvas, 129.5 x 196.2 cm or 51 x 77 1/4 in) by Jacques Louis David, is a perfect example of a neoclassical painter using a famous work of literarue, in this case Platos Phaedo, as his source of inspiration. Platos marvelous work, however, was not completely captured in Davids this painting, instead David looking through Roman lenses chose to focus more on the famous philosophers immortality. In the painting The Death of Socrates, the painter Jacques Louis David, takes a scene from Platos Phaedo and paints it from a Roman perspective. For example the setting of the scene takes place in a chamber that has Roman arches on the windows and an arch in the hallway. In addition there is also a Roman style lamp found behind Socrates. Other than the Roman perspective portrayed by David there is also a distribution of light and dark accents in this masterwork that aids in distinguishing the significance and divinity of Socrates. First of all, the light coming from the windows in the background and the lamp in the background are not the main source of light in this scene. However, the origin of the primary source of light that is emphasizing on Socrates and then on his disciples is unknown. In Davids painting the light that shines on Socrates is brighter than all of the other light sources. This contrast in lighting helps emphasize Socrates godliness. In addition to the lighting contrast, Socrates godliness is also reflected on way his body has been painted. David painted Socrates with an ideally proportioned and athletic body in his painting so that he can depict Socrates as perfect man or a god like man. In addition...

psychology Seating Experiment essays

psychology Seating Experiment essays Students who sit in the first row of the class room will receive A s. The students in the second and third rows will receive B s and C s. The students that sit in the fourth and fifth rows will receive Ds and Fs. I am going to take thirty high school students. I am going to randomly assign them to a seat in the class room that is set up with six desks in each row with five rows. They will all be taught the same on the same day at the same time at the same level. They will be moved five times over the time they are in they class. They will be given five tests on the information they learned while sitting in that particular seat. After the test the student will then be moved to a different row of the class room and then tested again later on different information that they learned while sitting in that seat. This will happen five times. At the end of all five tests I will compare how each row did on each test. And determine which row is the best row for students who want to get good grades to sit in. The experimental group is the students and how they are getting randomly moved to a different row five times through out the year. The control group is that the teacher. The teacher is teaching the students the exact same things at the exact same time. The control group is also how the class room is set up. The set up of the class does not change through out the year at all. Some possible extraneous variables could be learning disorders. This will be taken care of by random assignment in the seating. The students with the learning disorders will be spread out throughout each row because random assignment. Another extraneous variable could be the amount of sleep each student get a night. This could effect the students performance on their school work. Random assignment would take care of this extraneous var ...

Verview of the Bhopal, India disaster Research Paper - 1

Verview of the Bhopal, India disaster - Research Paper Example In December 1984, water with 42 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas entered into tank 610. This resulted into an exothermic reaction that raised the temperature to over and above 200 degrees. The rise in pressure caused the tank to release 30 metric tones of MIC into the ambiance in less than 60 minutes. The northwesterly wind blew the gas over Bhopal (Hanna, Morehouse, & Sarangi, 2005). The gravity of the situation had magnifying factors such as poor safety systems; some of which were off to save on money; the flare tire disconnected; the vent gas scrubber was out of caustic soda; the pressure valve was not working; mandatory refrigeration of MIC was incorrect. Union Carbide ignored recommendations given to them by an American team that had performed inspections on the plant in the year 1961. This inspection revealed 61 potential hazards, none of which Union carbide corrected (Born, 1996). The disaster hit catastrophic levels owing to the burgeoning of casual settlements around the plant. Further, there lacked disaster preparedness actions induced by the appropriate authorities (Hanna, Morehouse, & Sarangi, 2005). Inquiry into the incident further revealed that the plant used unapproved technologies in its productions. The morale of the employees of the firm was low, and attempts to cut down expenses led to poor environment. Most of the qualified work force left the company for better jobs leaving under qualified staff at the plant (Born, 1996). This coupled with lacked of skilled operators led to the occurrence of the Bhopal gas tragedy. Following this nasty incident, Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) tried so hard to shift liability to it subsidiary, Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL). The UCC claimed that UCIL was autonomous in its operations and as such were culpable (Fernando, 2009). They also tried to blame the incident on disgruntled employees and Sikh extremists whom they

Conservation of Fresco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Conservation of Fresco - Essay Example Innumerable artists practiced fresco painting during the years to come, and this art became popular through the Greek, Roman and Byzantine Empires. Unfortunately, not many frescos have survived. Some rare Roman frescos are found in Herculaneum and Pompeii. Christians wo lived during the early period from 250 to 400 AD, painted some small frescos as a form of decoration of Roman catacombs, the burial place. The popularity of fresco painting declined after the Renaissance. But Mexican painters Diego Rivera, Jose Orozco, and David Siqueiros were using the techniques of fresco painting in their murals and through this once again the revitalization of fresco art took place. Again during the American Depression, painters like Thomas Hart Benton were engaged in fresco production. Now, fresco art is no longer used as it was used before, the main reason is because of its susceptibility to humidity and weathering. Regard to this reason, many artists have abandoned the fresco painting in the production of serious art. This paper will try to explain a little about fresco painting in general and then move on to the process and technique used in the production of fresco art. Then the paper would deal about the conservation of fresco paintings and finally explain its importance. Calcium carbonate is the binding material that is used in the production of fresco art. ... This results in the formation of calcium carbonate upon the surface of the material thus forming the plaster. The colour is applied before this change occurs so that it gets settled underneath the plaster formation which then looks similar to a glass. When viewed through a microscope, a particle or piece of fresco looks like thousands of minute mosaic put together and creates an astounding appearance. The art produced in such a way is called as fresco art or painting. It is not very difficult to paint a simple fresco if we are well aware of the process and technique. Many people throughout the world are engaged in fresco painting as entertainment or part of their hobby. Finally, to make this process very easy here is a short cut. Fresco painting is nothing but applying pure colour onto wet lime and the next thing that happens is the formation of crystalline substance over the wet surface. Now, the whole thing dries up producing fresco. One of the great things to have in mind is that all over the world ancient people followed this process in the creation of fresco art. Though the people of the ancient civilization had no means of communication, yet they all followed the same process in the making of painting and this is so surprising to us. It has led modern chemists to analyse the process through the study of ancient artists of different places. ELEMENTS OF FRESCO There are five elements that are used for creating a fresco. I have listed out one by one below so that there may not be any confusion. 1. The Structural Wall - This wall is the physical body in which the artist creates the fresco art. 2. The Design - Refers to the fresco's environment or architectural setting. 3. Lime

Explain How External Environment Influence Essay Example for Free

Explain How External Environment Influence Essay External environment aims to help an organisation to obtain opportunities and threats that will affect the organisation’s competitive situation. External opportunities are characteristics of the external environment that have the potential to help the organization achieve or exceed its strategic goals. External threats are characteristics of the external environment that may prevent the organization from achieving its strategic goals. Therefore, organisations must formulate appropriate strategies to take advantage of the opportunities while overcome the threats in order to achieve their strategic goals. The external environment consists of variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top management. They may be general forces within the macro or remote environment, which consists of political-legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological forces – usually called PEST. Political-legal force influences strategy formulation through government and law intervention. For example, the environment law requires the world’s automobile manufacturers to reduce emission of green house gasses, and therefore these manufacturers have to reformulate their product strategy. Economic force influences strategy formulation through economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. For example, exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy, and thus influence strategy formulation of exporters. Socio-cultural force is about the cultural aspects, health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social-cultural factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, increasing health consciousness can influence strategy formulation of fast-food companies that may have to adopt product innovation strategy. Technological factors include technological aspects such as R;D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. For example, rapid development of the information technology has significantly influenced the strategy formulation of logistics service providers who are now able to provide superior express services. There may be specific forces within the micro or near environment, which involves analyzing the threat from the new entrant, rivalry among the existing players, pressure from the buyers, pressure from the suppliers and pressure from the substitutes. This is introduced in Porter’s Five-Forces Model. Profitable markets that yield high returns will attract new firms which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents. The existing firms therefore need to formulate new strategies against potential entrants. For most industries, the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. For example, high intensity of competitive rivalry in the automobile industry forces competitors such as Ford, Honda, to form strategic alliances or adopts the strategy of M;A. The bargaining power of buyers is the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure. For example, strong bargaining power of buyers in the computer industry put Dell under pressure. To deal with such pressure, Dell has to focus on relationship marketing strategy by offering value-added services to its customers. The bargaining power of suppliers is also described as the market of inputs. Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm, when there are few substitutes. Suppliers may refuse to work with the firm, or charge excessively high prices for unique resources such as Microsoft software and Intel chips which affects the formulation of price strategy of PC makers. The existence of products outside of the realm of the common product boundaries increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives. In order to retain customers, companies must formulate appropriate strategies to compete with the substitutes. For example, milk producers compete with soy milk producers. However, strategy formulation is also influenced by the degree of turbulence of the external environment. A high degree of turbulence exists if changeability is high and predictability is low. Companies need to formulate strategies based on the planned prescriptive approach if turbulence is low, whereas based on the unplanned emergent approach if turbulence is high. How organizations overcome environmental changes? Organisations need to deal with environmental changes with appropriate strategies. First, organisations may choose to wait and see. Such strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, facing a significant technological change, some companies may choose to integrate the new technology into their products. If they are successful, the rest companies’ ‘wait and see’ strategy is obviously unwise. However, if they failed, the rest companies’ ‘wait and see’ strategy appears wise. As a result, strategic decision making is impacted on and opportunities may either be lost or capitalised on. Second, organisations may choose to change in response to environmental changes through either proactive or reactive. Proactive change involves actively attempting to make alterations to the work place and its practices. Companies that take a proactive approach to change are often trying to avoid a potential future threat or to capitalize on a potential future opportunity. Reactive change occurs when an organization makes changes in its practices after some threat or opportunity has already occurred in the external environment. As an example of the difference, assume that a hotel executive learns about the increase in the number of Malaysians who want to travel with their pets. The hotel executive creates a plan to reserve certain rooms in many hotel locations for travelers with pets and to advertise this new amenity, even before travelers begin asking about such accommodations. This would be a proactive response to change because it was made in anticipation of customer demand. However, a reactive approach to change would occur if hotel executives had waited to enact such a change until many hotel managers had received repeated requests from guests to accommodate their pets and were denied rooms. In reality, companies may use a combination of both proactive and reactive approaches. Proactive approach is highly common when an industry is new with little or no change. The bellwether company entering the industry is making all of the strategic decisions or being proactive. However, because of its success, competitors gradually enter the market, resulting in the turbulent change of the competitive environment. Consequently, the reactive change is on the part of the new competitors as well as the bellwether company. To overcome environmental changes, companies may also choose the merger or acquisition strategy. A merger is defined as the joining of two or more organizations to constitute a new combined, legal entity. An acquisition is defined as the purchase of more than 50 percent of the voting shares of one organization by another, but the two organizations are still separate legal entities with the acquiring organization running as the parent company and another as a subsidiary. For example, recent study discloses that the merger and acquisition strategy in the global automobile industry will be further enhanced in the near future in order to deal with the threat of global financial crisis which decreased the consumers’ disposable income and increased the debt of auto makers and suppliers that have to save their organisations through merger and acquisition Ddiscuss the importance of organisational culture in strategy implementation Organisational culture can be defined â€Å"as the system of shared beliefs and values that guide and direct the behaviour of members, can have a strong influence on daily organisational behaviour and performance. † (1) Reflection to leadership Successful strategy implementation needs strategic leadership. Strategic leadership is the ability of influencing others to voluntarily make decisions that enhance prospects for the organisation’s long-term success while maintaining short-term financial stability. It includes determining the firm’s strategic direction, aligning the firm’s strategy with its culture, modelling and communicating high ethical standards, and initiating, shaping and implementing changes in the firm’s strategy, when necessary. Strategic leadership sets the firm’s direction by developing and communicating a vision of future and inspires the organization’s members to move in that direction. (2) Enable to create mission vision The vision is the source and the main idea of a company. The mission aims to give the direction which presents the unique scope of business, its vision nd specific competence competitive advantages, and to tell employees, consumers, and shareholder what the firm is. For example, IBM’s vision is: solutions for a small planet. Mission is: At IBM, we strive to lead in the invention, development and manufacture of the industrys most advanced information technologies, including computer systems, software, sto rage systems and microelectronics. Create a shared vision to manage strategic change: objectives and vision of both individuals and organization should coincide. There should be no conflict between them. Senior managers need to constantly and consistently communicate the vision not only to inform but also to overcome resistance through proper communication. Strategy implementers have to convince all those concerned that the change is not superficial. The actions taken have to be credible, highly visible and unmistakably indicative of management’s seriousness to new strategic initiatives and associated changes. (3) Help to create a better strategy (4) Staff motivation Strategy implementation requires special motivation to achieve objectives. The motivation system functions according to the qualities and mechanisms of motivation, which is developed during the stage of entry strategy preparation. First and foremost, this system has to inspire employees involved in the process of strategy development and implementation to orient their mindset toward a strategic way of thinking. Formalizing the strategic motivation system includes establishing a system of daily incentives for employees, especially those who are responsible for strategy development and implementation. The formal system is presented in a document, where all suggestions about motivation and incentives are developed and described. It includes all moral, social, and financial instruments of motivation of individual employees and groups of employees. Special recognition and awards should be given to those who go above and beyond in creating and implementing strategic ideas. (5) Increase or enhance adaptability skills How to use organisation culture to develop competitive advantages 1. Develop CA An organization that is able to maintain a positive culture is likely to enjoy many benefits. When organization members identify with the culture, the work environment tends to be more enjoyable, which boosts morale. This leads to increased levels of teamwork, sharing of information, and openness to new ideas. The resulting increased interaction among employees activates learning and continuous improvement because information flows more freely throughout the organization. Additionally, such a culture helps to attract and retain top employees. For example, Wal-Mart’s founder, Sam Walton, showed concern and respect for his employees from the company’s inception. This created an environment of trust that persists to this day. Walton also modeled the behavior that he desired from his employees, especially customer service (both to internal and external customers), by visiting his stores, meeting customers, and greeting employees by their first names. Walton also embraced and encouraged change in order to remain competitive, and developed employees by having them work in a variety of positions. Wal-Mart considers its culture the key to its success, and to this day employees continue to think about how Sam would have done it’’ when making decisions. 2. Proactive ; reactive Today’s globally-competitive business environment has made a positive corporate culture a critical aspect of success for firms. No longer just a competitive advantage, it has become a prerequisite for success, allowing companies to attract and retain top employees. Therefore, where the culture is serving to lower morale, it is recommended that management take proactive rather than reactive steps to change the corporate culture using a top-down approach, establishing a new vision and demonstrating new behavior consistent with the revised vision. 2. Ability to change 3. Strong learning curve

How does temperature affect the rate of reaction between sodium :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

How does temperature affect the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid? Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out how the temperature affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. Prediction: I predict that the higher the temperature of the solution the faster the reaction will take place because the particles will collide more when the temperature rises. Plan Apparatus: Measuring cylinders Tripod Bunsen burner Heat proof mat Gauze mat Thermometer Conical flask Water (30ml) Hydrochloric acid (5ml) Sodium thiosulphate (20ml) Piece of paper with X on it By lianne milbanke Pliminary results: I decided to do some preliminary work because then I could see what amount of Sodium thiosulphate, Hydrochloric acid and Water I needed for the reaction, I tried it 5 times before I found one that was not too fast and not too slow. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Sodium thiosulphate Hydrochloric Water (ml) Time (sec) (ml) acid (ml) 50 5 0 36 40 5 10 51 30 5 20 70 20 5 30 133 10 5 40 395

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 33-34

33 RIVERA During the drive to Pine Cove, Rivera was nagged by the idea that he had forgotten something. It wasn't that he hadn't reported where he was going; he had planned that. Until he had physical evidence that there was a serial killer in the area, he wasn't saying a word. But when he knocked on the Elliotts' front door and it swung open, he suddenly remembered that his bullet-proof vest was hanging in his locker back at the station. He called into the house and waited for an answer. None came. Only cops and vampires have to have an invitation to enter, he thought. But there is probable cause. The part of his mind that functioned like a district attorney kicked in. â€Å"So, Sergeant Rivera,† the lawyer said, â€Å"you entered a private residence based on a computer data base that could have been no more than a mailing list?† â€Å"I believed that Effrom Elliott's name on the list represented a clear and present danger to a private citizen, so I entered the residence.† Rivera drew his revolver and held it in his right hand while he held his badge out in his left. â€Å"Mr. and Mrs. Elliott, this is Sergeant Rivera from the Sheriff's Department. I'm coming in the house.† He moved from room to room announcing his presence before he entered. The bedroom door was closed. He saw the splintered bullet hole in the door and felt his adrenaline surge. Should he call for backup? The D.A. said: â€Å"And so you entered the house on what basis?† Rivera came through the door low and rolled. He lay for a moment on the floor of the empty room, feeling stupid. What now? He couldn't call in and report a bullet hole in a residence that he had probably entered illegally, especially when he hadn't reported that he was in Pine Cove in the first place. One step at a time, he told himself. Rivera returned to his unmarked car and reported that he was in Pine Cove. â€Å"Sergeant Rivera,† the dispatcher said, â€Å"there is a message for you from Technical Sergeant Nailsworth. He said to tell you that Robert Masterson is married to the granddaughter of Effrom Elliott. He said he doesn't know what it means, but he thought you should know.† It meant that he had to find Robert Masterson. He acknowledged the message and signed off. Fifteen minutes later he was at The Breeze's trailer. The old pickup was gone and no one answered the door. He radioed the station and requested a direct patch to the Spider. â€Å"Nailgun, can you get me Masterson's wife's home address? He gave the trailer as residence when we brought him in. And give me the place where she works.† â€Å"Hold on, it'll be just a second for her address.† Rivera lit a cigarette while he waited. Before he took the second drag, Nailsworth came back with the address and the shortest route from Rivera's location. â€Å"It will take a little longer for the employer. I have to access the Social Security files.† â€Å"How long?† â€Å"Five, maybe ten minutes.† â€Å"I'm on my way to the house. Maybe I won't need it.† â€Å"Rivera, there was a fire call at that address this morning. That mean anything to you?† â€Å"Nothing means anything to me anymore, Nailsworth.† Five minutes later Rivera pulled up in front of Jenny's house. Everything was covered with a gummy gray goo, a mix of ashes, flour, and water from the fire hoses. As Rivera climbed out of the car, Nailsworth called back. â€Å"Jennifer Masterson is currently employed at H.P.'s Cafe, off Cypress in Pine Cove. You want the phone number?† â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"If she's not here, I'll go over there. It's just a few doors down from my next stop.† â€Å"You need anything else?† Nailsworth sounded as if he was holding something back. â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"I'll call if I do.† â€Å"Rivera, don't forget about that other matter.† â€Å"What matter?† â€Å"Roxanne. Check on her for me.† â€Å"As soon as I can, Nailsworth.† Rivera threw the radio mike onto the passenger seat. As he walked up to the house, he heard someone come on the radio singing a chorus to the song â€Å"Roxanne† in a horrible falsetto. Nailsworth had shown his weakness over an open frequency, and now, Rivera knew, the whole department would ride the fat man's humiliation into the ground. When this was over, Rivera promised himself, he would concoct a story to vindicate the Spider's pride. He owed him that. Of course, that depended on Rivera vindicating himself. The walk to the door covered his shoes with gray goo. He waited for an answer and returned to the car, cursing in Spanish, his shoes converted to dough balls. He didn't get out of the car at H.P.'s Cafe. It was obvious from the darkened windows that no one was inside. His last chance was the Head of the Slug Saloon. If Masterson wasn't there, he was out of leads, and he would have to report what he knew, or, what was more embarrassing, what he didn't know, to the captain. Rivera found a parking place in front of the Slug behind Robert's truck, and after taking a few minutes to get his right shoe unstuck from the gas pedal, he went in. 34 U-PICK-EM The Pagan Vegetarians for Peace called them the Sacred Caves because they believed that the caves had once been used by Ohlone Indians for religious ceremonies. This, in fact, was not true, for the Ohlone had avoided the caves as much as possible due to the huge population of bats that lived there, bats that were inextricably locked into the destiny of the caves. The first human occupation of the caves came in the 1960s, when a down-and-out farmer named Homer Styles decided to use the damp interior of the caves to cultivate mushrooms. Homer started his business with five hundred wooden crates of the sort used for carting soda bottles, and a half-gallon carton of mail-order mushroom spores; total investment: sixteen dollars. Homer had stolen the crates from behind the Thrifty-Mart, a few at a time, over the period of weeks that it took him to read the pamphlet Fungus for Fun and Profit, put out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. After filling the crates with moist peat and laying them out on the cave floor, Homer spread his spores and waited for the money to roll in. What Homer didn't figure on was the rapid growth rate of the mushrooms (he'd skipped that part of the pamphlet), and within days he found himself sitting in a cave full of mushrooms with no market and no money to pay for help in harvesting. The solution to Homer's problem came from another government pamphlet entitled The Consumer-Harvested Farm, which had come, by mistake, in the same envelope with Fungus for Fun. Homer took his last ten dollars and placed an ad in the local paper: Mushrooms, $.50 lb. U-PICK-EM, your container. Old Creek Road. 9?C5 daily. Mushroom-hungry Pine Covers came in droves. As fast as the mushrooms were harvested, they grew back, and the money rolled in. Homer spent his first profits on a generator and a string of lights for the caves, figuring that by extending his business hours into the evening, his profits would grow in proportion. It would have been a sound business move had the bats not decided to rear their furry heads in protest. During the day the bats had been content to hang out on the roof of the cave while Homer ran his business below. But on the first night of Homer's extended hours when the bats woke to find their home invaded by harshly lit mushroom pickers, their tolerance ended. There were twenty customers in the caves when the lights went on. In an instant the air above them was a maelstrom of screeching, furry, flying rodents. In the rush to exit, one woman fell and broke a hip and another was bitten on the hand while extracting a bat from her hair. The cloud of bats soon disappeared into the night, only to be replaced the next day by an equally dense cloud of landbound vermin: personal-injury lawyers. The varmints prevailed in court. Homer's business was destroyed, and once again the bats slept in peace. A depressed Homer Styles went on a binge in the Head of the Slug. He spent four days in an Irish whiskey haze before his money ran out and Mavis Sand sent him to an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. (Mavis could tell when a man had hit bottom, and she felt no need to pump a dry well.) Homer found himself in the meeting room of the First National Bank, telling his story. It happened that at that same meeting a young surfer who called himself The Breeze was working off a court-ordered sentence he had earned by drunkenly crashing a '62 Volkswagen into a police cruiser and promptly puking on the arresting officer's shoes. The farmer's story touched off an entrepreneurial spark in the surfer, and after the meeting The Breeze cornered Homer with a proposition. â€Å"Homer, how would you like to make some heavy bread growing magic mushrooms?† The next day the farmer and the surfer were hauling bags of manure into the caves, spreading it over the peat, and scattering a completely different type of spore. According to The Breeze their crop would sell for ten to twenty dollars an ounce instead of the fifty cents a pound that Homer received for his last crop. Homer was enraptured with the possibility of becoming rich. And he would have, if not for the bats. As the day of their first harvest neared, The Breeze had to take his leave of their plantation to serve the weekend in the county jail (the first of fifty – the judge had not been amused at having barf-covered police shoes presented as evidence in his courtroom). Before he left, The Breeze assured Homer that he would return Monday to help with the drying and marketing of the mushrooms. In the meantime, the woman who had been bitten during the debacle of the bats, came down with rabies. County animal-control agents were ordered to the caves to destroy the bat colony. When the agents arrived, they found Homer Styles crouched over a tray of psychedelic mushrooms. The agents offered Homer the option of walking away and leaving the mushrooms, but Homer refused, so they radioed the sheriff. Homer was led away in handcuffs, the animal-control agents left with their pockets filled with mushrooms, and the bats were left alone. When The Breeze was released on Monday, he found himself in search of a new scam. A few months later, while incarcerated at the state prison in Lompoc, Homer Styles received a letter from The Breeze. The letter was covered with a fine yellow powder and read: â€Å"Sorry about your bust. Hope we can bury the hatchet.† Homer buried the letter in a shoe box he kept under his bunk and spent the next ten years living in relative luxury on the profits he made from selling psychedelic mushrooms to the other inmates. Homer sampled his crop only once, then swore off mushrooms for life when he hallucinated that he was drowning in a sea of bats.

Administrative Ethics Paper Grading Criteria Essay

Resource: Administrative Ethics Paper Grading Criteria on your student website Find a current administrative issue in a newspaper, magazine, or journal article relating to topics such as patient privacy, confidentiality, or HIPAA. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper that includes the following: †¢ Describe the issue and its impact on the population it affects most. †¢ What arguments or facts are used in the article to support the proposed solution? †¢ What are the ethical and legal issues reported for your administrative issue? †¢ Explain the managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethical issues. If none were stated, what should have been done? †¢ Identify any proposed solutions. See more: Strategic Management Process Essay Include at least three sources in your paper. Resource: Administrative Ethics Paper Grading Criteria on your student website Find a current administrative issue in a newspaper, magazine, or journal article relating to topics such as patient privacy, confidentiality, or HIPAA. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper that includes the following: †¢ Describe the issue and its impact on the population it affects most. †¢ What arguments or facts are used in the article to support the proposed solution? †¢ What are the ethical and legal issues reported for your administrative issue? †¢ Explain the managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethical issues. If none were stated, what should have been done? †¢ Identify any proposed solutions.

The eNotes Blog Problematic Peacocks and Other Elizabethan EraWarnings

Problematic Peacocks and Other Elizabethan EraWarnings Perhaps the reason the Virgin Queen decided to remain so is to avoid the humiliation of having one of her upstart subjects oil paint a picture of her swaddling cat in her arms. Maybe someday there will be superstitions that arise from the era when Queen Kate and King William reign, but it is unlikely that they will be as elaborate or as colorful as these.   The folks over at The Oddment Emporium  recently posted this list from an elderly nobleman known here only as Sir Cecil who reflected on the superstitions that arose during the era of the Maiden Queen, Elizabeth the First. During the era of my youth, Sir Cecil recalled, it was most important these be followed at all times. 1. One must always say â€Å"God bless you when one wouldst sneeze or else the devil would enter ones body and possess it while the mouth was open. 2. The seventh son of a seventh son possessed great magical properties. If Your Majesty is familiar with the writings of the great contemporary author Miss Joanne Rowling, one wouldst be aware she borrowed this belief though in her literature. It did not apply only to sons but daughters also and the great witch Ginevra Weasley was the seventh child of a father who was a seventh son. (I dont think this is what Sir Cecil had in mind) 3. Peacocks are ill omens, and the eye on the peacock feather is the evil eye of Satan or one of his foul minions. 4. Trees are filled with magick and one can guard against ill omens like the dreaded peacock feather by touching an object made of wood. 5. One must never put one’s shoes on the table for this shall bring death upon one’s household. (So much senseless death is coming) 6. If one should spill salt or pepper this is a great ill omen and a great misfortune, for such spices are extremely expensive. 7. The greatest and most wicked of all ill omens is the eclipse. If such a horrible malfunction of the heavens is to occur, it shall bring death, destruction, and poor manners upon the kingdom. Even the great noble houses shall not be immune to its ill effects. One must always be wary of this time of great peril! (Spilling salt on your peacock during an eclipse heralds the Apocalypse.) Great thanks to Your Majesty for allowing a meager and humble subject such as myself to send you this information I have gathered. May your glorious reign last forever. Your most loyal subject, Sir Cecil

First Battle of the Marne in World War I

First Battle of the Marne in World War I The First Battle of the Marne was fought September 6-12, 1914, during World War I (1914-1918) and marked the limit of Germanys initial advance into France. Having implemented the Schlieffen Plan at the wars outset, German forces swung through Belgium and into France from north. Though pushing back French and British forces, a gap opened between two armies on the German right wing. Exploiting this, the Allies attacked into the gap and threatened to encircle the German First and Second Armies. This forced the Germans to halt their advance and retreat behind the Aisne River. Dubbed the Miracle of the Marne, the battle saved Paris, ended German hopes of a quick victory in the west, and touched off the Race to the Sea which would create the front that would largely hold for the next four years. Fast Facts: First Battle of the Marne Conflict: World War I (1914-1918)Dates: September 6-12, 1914Armies Commanders:GermanyChief of Staff Helmuth von Moltkeapprox. 1,485,000 men (August)AlliesGeneral Joseph JoffreField Marshal Sir John French1,071,000 menCasualties:Allies: France - 80,000 killed, 170,000 wounded, Britain - 1,700 killed, 11,300 woundedGermany: 67,700 killed, 182,300 wounded Background With the outbreak of World War I, Germany began implementation of the Schlieffen Plan. This called for the bulk of their forces to assemble in the west while only a small holding force remained in the east. The goal of the plan was to quickly defeat France before the Russians could fully mobilize their forces. With France defeated, Germany would be free to focus their attention to the east. Devised earlier, the plan was altered slightly in 1906 by Chief of the General Staff, Helmuth von Moltke, who weakened the critical right wing to reinforce Alsace, Lorraine, and the Eastern Front (Map). Chief of the German General Staff Helmuth von Moltke. With the outbreak of World War I, the Germans implemented the plan which called for violating the neutrality of Luxembourg and Belgium in order to strike France from the north (Map). Pushing through Belgium, the Germans were slowed by stubborn resistance which allowed the French and arriving British Expeditionary Force to form a defensive line. Driving south, the Germans inflicted defeats on the Allies along the Sambre at the Battles of Charleroi and Mons. Fighting a series of holding actions, French forces, led by commander-in-chief General Joseph Joffre, fell back to a new position behind the Marne with the goal of holding Paris. Angered by the French proclivity for retreating without informing him, the commander of the BEF, Field Marshal Sir John French, wished to pull the BEF back towards the coast but was convinced to stay at the front by War Secretary Horatio H. Kitchener. On the other side, the Schlieffen Plan continued to proceed, however, Moltke was increasingly losing control of his forces, most notably the key First and Second Armies. Marshal Joseph Joffre. Photograph Source: Public Domain Commanded by Generals Alexander von Kluck and Karl von Bà ¼low respectively, these armies formed the extreme right wing of the German advance and were tasked with sweeping to the west of Paris to encircle Allied forces. Instead, seeking to immediately envelop the retreating French forces, Kluck and Bà ¼low wheeled their armies to the southeast to pass to the east of Paris. In doing so, they exposed the right flank of the German advance to attack. Becoming aware of this tactical error on September 3, Joffre began making plans for a counter-offensive the next day. Moving to Battle To aid this effort, Joffre was able to bring General Michel-Joseph Maunourys newly-formed Sixth Army into line northeast of Paris and to the west of the BEF. Using these two forces, he planned to attack on September 6. On September 5, Kluck learned of the approaching enemy and began to wheel his First Army west to meet the threat posed by Sixth Army. In the resulting Battle of the Ourcq, Klucks men were able to put the French on the defensive. While the fighting prevented the Sixth Army from attacking the next day, it did open a 30-mile gap between the First and Second German Armies (Map). Into the Gap Utilizing the new technology of aviation, Allied reconnaissance planes quickly spotted this gap and reported it to Joffre. Quickly moving to exploit the opportunity, Joffre ordered General Franchet dEspà ©reys French Fifth Army and the BEF into the gap. As these forces moved to isolate the German First Army, Kluck continued his attacks against Maunoury. Composed largely of reserve divisions, the Sixth Army came close to breaking but was reinforced by troops brought from Paris by taxicab on September 7. On September 8, the aggressive dEspà ©rey launched a large-scale attack on Bà ¼lows Second Army driving it back (Map). Field Marshal Sir John French. Photograph Source: Public Domain By the next day, both the German First and Second Armies were being threatened with encirclement and destruction. Told of the threat, Moltke suffered a nervous breakdown. Later that day, the first orders were issued for a retreat effectively negating the Schlieffen Plan. Recovering, Moltke directed his forces across the front to fall back to a defensive position behind the Aisne River. A wide river, he stipulated that the lines so reached will be fortified and defended. Between September 9 and 13, German forces broke off contact with the enemy and retreated north to this new line. Aftermath Allied casualties in the fighting numbered around 263,000, while the Germans incurred similar losses. In the wake of the battle, Moltke reportedly informed Kaiser Wilhelm II, Your Majesty, we have lost the war. For his failure, he was replaced as Chief of the General Staff on September 14 by Erich von Falkenhayn. A key strategic victory for the Allies, the First Battle of the Marne effectively ended German hopes for a quick victory in the west and condemned them to a costly two-front war. Reaching the Aisne, the Germans halted and occupied the high ground north of the river. Pursued by the British and French, they defeated Allied attacks against this new position. On September 14, it was clear that neither side would be able to dislodge the other and the armies began entrenching. At first, these were simple, shallow pits, but quickly they became deeper, more elaborate trenches. With the war stalled along the Aisne in Champagne, both armies began efforts to turn the others flank in the west. This resulted in a race north to the coast with each side seeking to turn the others flank. Neither was successful and, by the end of October, a solid line of trenches ran from the coast to the Swiss frontier.

Summary of skills edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary of skills edit - Essay Example We conducted research from various books and websites for examples on how to correctly specify the requirements. By so doing, applicants will apply based on the requirements of the job. 4. SWOT analysis: We did extensive research into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing our company. Concerns arose on how each item would be allocated a bracket in the list. After careful review of existing literature, we came to a conclusion that all the necessary information was correct. 5. PESTLE analysis: PESTLE Analysis was critical in identifying which external forces can enhance or limit our business. The PESTLE analysis was an interesting topic as it raised further issues and our attention to the policies that we had to abide by. 6. Making a spreadsheet: The spreadsheet was very simple to create considering the resources that have been given to us. We broke down the schedule into months in order to assess the financial requirement to run our business. Overall, the experience of working in a team was fruitful. The experience improved my communication skills and ability to work in the team. In fact, the experience offered more knowledge and experienced than I imagined. First, we split the work between team members in order to keep a strict adherence to the schedule and to make sure everyone was following the original plan. Then, all member completed their parts and documented all the progress. We compiled the work to assess the progress. We noticed that most of the work did not match because of differences in referencing. We had to reassign the work for a redo, and this time taking all necessary precautions. Luckily, the strategy worked in the end. Everyone was professional, active and responsible. I have learned so much from this assignment, and the outcome was very satisfying for me. Despite the success of the assignment, time

General Question about Human Resource Managment & Organizational Coursework - 1

General Question about Human Resource Managment & Organizational Behavior - Coursework Example Organizational and team environment contributes to effectiveness of a team. The effectiveness of the team can be gauged through three measures. First is its ability to achieve the desired objective, second is the personal satisfaction and well being of its members and third is the ability to survive over a period of time which is dependent on the commitment of the people and the benevolent environment to operate. The model for team effectiveness organizes the factors that are responsible for team effectiveness into three categories. The three categories are organizational and team environment, team design and team process. Organizational and team environment in turn is determined by the following factors namely reward system, communication system, physical space, organizational environment, organizational structure and leadership. The organizations ability to secure desired resources determines the external environment of the organization. Organizational structure should support team s through delegation of responsibility and authority. Physical space and communication system should be conducive for free flow of information and feedback as well as positive perception of employee. Ongoing support of the team leader along with the reinforcement of good performance through reward system further enhances team’s effectiveness (McShane, 2007).the successful teams require the right type of environment as identified by the model. Rewards can only have positive impact on effectiveness of team if they are sufficient and contingent on team performance. Rewards either financial or psychic, such as recognition, accomplishment and potential for growth, both have a positive impact on team performance. The main purpose of the reward system for the team is to encourage and reinforce behaviors that lead to long term success, growth and sustainability of the

Business Regulatory Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Regulatory Law - Essay Example The federal government can make arrangements for the protection f the population from the pollution that flows down from other states. The federal government expects the local governments to put into effect national environmental laws, including the Clean Water Act. However, the federal government has some concerns if the state and local governments are not managing the inspections in a timely manner. The federal government also has concerns that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is not following through. A resident f Erehwon, Ms. Kelly Bates has accused Alumina, Inc. f frequently contaminating the waters f Lake Dira with carcinogenic effluents, and has alleged that the consumption f the water is the prime cause f her 10 year old daughter's leukemia. Ms. Bates also alleges that her daughter's illness maybe as old as Alumina's first environmental law violation. The incident occurred five years ago. Alumina Inc. was reported to be in violation f an environmental discharge into Lake Dira. Alumina followed through and cleaned the spill up and the violation was corrected (UOP, 2007). People in a local newspaper, The Erehwon Reporter, seemed to want to keep the fire burning. Kelly Bates threatened to file a $5 million personal injury case against Alumina Inc. to recover compensatory and punitive damages. Ms. Bates alleged that Alumina's careless conduct is the immediate cause f her daughter's illness in though this occurred five years ago and the company has not had any further problems (UOP, 2007). The Scientific report on water pollution has rendered Ms. Bates claim unsubstantiated. Regulations and Legal Issues There are a few very important facts that include regulations and legal issues that are present within the Alumina simulation and they are as follows: Regulation f Business. There should be written roles and regulations that coincide with Federal and State laws. The regulations should be followed at all times with an Environmental supervisor in place to document all key findings. Alumina does not have any written regulations that match with the State and Federal governments at this time. The employees need these practices and references in place to ensure that they are following the laws that have been made. Environmental Policy The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was passed in 1970 along with the Environmental Quality Improvement Act, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These federal enactments were to put into place to ensure that the environment would be protected against both the public and private actions (Environmental lawyers, 1997). Alumina was reported to be in violation f an environmental discharge into Lake Dira. However, according to the EPA, Alumina quickly responded to the allegation and cleaned-up the Lake. The violation within the organization was promptly corrected and Alumni have not had another incident. Ethical Issues Ethical issues such moral values, beliefs and principles are considered as foundation f civilized society. People follow these values on a day to day basis.

Biology Essay Example for Free

Biology Essay The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells is called the central dogma of biology. The role of RNA in protein synthesis is extremely important as protein synthesis could not occur without RNA. Three forms of RNA exist solely to create proteins. Through a process known as translation, RNA constructs the proteins necessary to sustain life. Spliceosomes Process pre-mRNA by splicing out intronic nucleic acids producing mRNA which is then translated to protein in ribosomes. Codons are three letter codes eg: AUG which codes for metheonine. Likewise there are many codons which code for different amino acids. Ribosomes bind to the mature mRNA at an AUG site and, for each codon (3 mRNA nucleic acids), a tRNA brings an amino acid for the translation, until the stop codon where the newly synthesized polypeptide is released in its primary structure. b) A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that separates the processes of transcription and translation. Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes nd higher order chromatin structures. Translation is the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. c) Rabies is an RNA virus, so it deviates from the central dogma by the fact that it is storing its genetic information in RNA instead of DNA. Eukaryotic cells use RNA as well, but only use it for an intermediate step when turning genetic information into protein. RNA is a much less stable molecule than DNA so it is not very good for holding the large amounts of DNA typically seen in Eukaryotic cells.

My Sociological Perspective Essay -- Sociology essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sociology is a part of everyday life. People experience sociological changes when they get married, get a new job, or get discriminated against. All of these things can alter a person’s perspective on a group of people or even the world. Since the beginning of this class, I have personally endured several sociological changes in my life. I recently started a new job. I’m meeting new and wonderful people and I no longer dread having to go to work. I have also begun setting plans for my wedding to the one girl who I know will make everyday better than the one before. But, perhaps the one instance that has affected me the most and the deepest was when my parents got a divorce. This is something that occurred over ten years ago but it still plagues me to this day. One moment I thought that we had a perfect family unit. Everyone was happy and everyone got along great. Then, the next thing I knew, my parents were in court everyday trying to get custody of my older sister and myself. This left me hurt and confused. The worst part was after the divorce was over. My father got custody of us- which I preferred because it meant I didn’t have to move away and I didn’t have to live with my mother’s new boyfriend (her boyfriend while she was married). My mother got visitation rights two days of the week and every Sunday. So, instead of seeing my mother everyday when she would come home from work and having her tuck me in at night, I now saw her only three times a week. This was the...

Music At Highlander Essay

Music is a powerful tool of expression. Whether produced or listened to, it can reveal deep aspects of ones personality. Song’s can hold unique personal meanings through memory or message. During time’s of desperation, music’s constant rhythm can provide a fortress of comfort and steadiness. Music is depended upon for security, care, inspiration, and as a safe haven to be able to express freely. The Highlander Folk School is depended upon for the same reasons. These two schools of thought not only share similar relationship’s with people, but they are practiced together frequently. â€Å"Song, music and food are integral parts of education at Highlander. Music is one way for people to express their traditions, longings, and determination† (158). Myles Horton seemed certainly aware of the importance music had at Highlander, but never expressed it further than this quote from near the end of his autobiography, The Long Haul. How big of a role did music play in the Highlander education? Producing a safer environment, a more enriched education, and the ability to unleash potential, music was essential in the Highlander education. Music is nonjudgmental. There is no right or wrong, it just is what it is. People take away from music whatever they want. Myles Horton set up Highlander to work in the same way. He offered a community that practiced social equality, no discrimination or lack of freedom of speech. He offered workshops on what the people wanted to work on, and then left it to them to take away and use what they want. This was the organic structure of education Horton preached. He also focused on the surroundings needed to support this education. â€Å"The job of the staff members is to create a relaxed atmosphere in which the participants feel free to share their experiences† (150). Without an environment where people felt safe and comfortable in, this system would stay only a theory. Music kept this structure stable. Group songs created a platform for different cultures to bond and understand each other. It created comfort, security, and an environment full of love. Myles describes Highlander as, â€Å"A long tapestry with a weft made up of many colors†¦All of them are of a piece and blend in, and all are based on a love for humanity and trust in the ability of people to control their own lives enventually† (134). Myles Horton believed in experiential-based education. He endorsed student to student discussions. The learning happens between sharing stories and experiences from each other. He tried mixing as many cultures, ideas, and perspectives together to provide an enriched collection of experiences. â€Å"Another enrichment was the use of music and storytelling†¦In fact, the history of Highlander could in many important ways be told by the music – traditional songs and songs of struggle – that was brought there by the people† (133). Music at Highlander connected to people through messages, memories and traditions which provided student’s with enriched experiences to grow from. Some songs brought hidden truths to light, others inspired groups to come together. Church hymns were adapted and used as union songs (158). Every song brought with it some sense of tradition or culture to learn from. Before Highlander was established, Horton went to Denmark to get inspired by their folk high schools. He recalls an old director telling him that, â€Å"Through songs and poetry, students could grasp truths that might otherwise escape them, and that singing in unison was an effective way of inspiring people and bringing them closer together† (52). Music was a integral part of the Highlander education because it created student union and providing more enriched experiences to learn from. Music nurtures self-esteem and encourages creativity, self-confidence, and curiosity. Horton tries to nurture and encourage the same from students at Highlander. Myles viewed himself as a gardener and his job â€Å"to provide opportunities for people to grow, to provide a climate which nurtures islands of decency, where people can learn in such a way that they continue to grow† (133). Music helped provide this caring climate by installing tradition and comfort. Singing in unison provided an opportunity for students to grow by encouraging self-confidence and self-esteem. Group singing also help solidify a Highlander fundamental belief; trust people and believe in their ability to think for themselves. Empower people collectively, not individually. Bernice Robinson and Myles Horton learned early on in the first Citizenship School classes that, â€Å"You couldn’t just read and write yourself into freedom. You had to fight for that and you had to do it as part of a group, not as an individual† (104). Music lets students demonstrate the beauty and power of collective unison without actually leaving Highlander and protesting. This experience was invaluable in naturing and growing students. Myles Horton reveals near the end of his book, â€Å"Other than encouraging others, I made no significant contributions to music at the school, unless you count the verse I added to â€Å"We Shall Overcome† – â€Å"The truth shall make us free† (158). This statement shows his compassion for justice and his awareness of the importance of music at Highlander. Horton’s wife, Zilphia, is described by him as, â€Å"The moving spirit in shaping the singing and music program at Highlander (158). Many pictures in the book display Zilphia leading striker’s in song or Folk concerts at Highlander by Pete Seeger & Friends (156,157,159). Horton seemed to be surrounded by music through out his life and the education structure at Highlander is influenced by this. Music played a vital role at Highlander by providing an enriched environment nurturing students to ‘learn in such a way that they continue to grow’.

Healthy Eating Pyramid Essay

The â€Å"Healthy Eating Pyramid† is a guide to eating a healthy diet. What is a healthy diet for you depends not only on your age and sex, but also on your body condition. This article gives an insight into the Healthy Eating Pyramid. Read on†¦ Many people have a wrong notion about the concept of healthy eating. Youngsters think remaining thin by depriving themselves of all foods they love to eat is healthy eating. However, they are wrong. Healthy diet has nothing to do with remaining thin by depriving oneself of food. A healthy and nutritious diet should impart a sense of well-being and make you feel energetic. The Healthy Eating Pyramid – Tips Harvard School of Public Health developed a nutrition guide for healthy eating called â€Å"The Healthy Eating Pyramid†. The principles underlying the Healthy Eating Pyramid stress mainly two things. They are regular exercise and weight control. The Healthy Eating Pyramid lays the foundation of healthy eating in eating more of vegetables and whole grains and less of red meat and refined grains. Here are a few tips to follow â€Å"Healthy Eating Pyramid†. Regular Exercise – Regular exercise is the basic principle for any healthy diet pyramid. The reason is it helps to keep your weight in check. Focus on Food You Eat – The Healthy Eating Pyramid guides you to what kind of food you should eat, how you should eat and when you should eat. It advises you as to the number of servings you can eat. So eat your fill of healthy food and do not worry about the calories. Give Importance to Vegetables – This guide stresses on a vegetarian diet that includes plenty of fruits and green vegetables daily. You can also use whole grains and healthy fats such as canola and olive oil. Avoid Red Meat – The healthy nutritional guide advises on avoiding red meat such as beef and mutton. It would be a good idea to forgo refined grains, carbonated/sugary drinks, potatoes and salty snacks. Instead of red meat have fish or lean meat such as turkey, chicken and other poultry. Have a Multivitamin Daily – This healthy diet pyramid suggests the inclusion of multivitamins in your daily diet. The Healthy Eating Pyramid – Different Levels There are six levels in the â€Å"Healthy Eating Pyramid† and each level has a group of foods recommended in your daily diet. First Group – The food belonging to this group includes breads and cereals. You can have maximum 10 to 12 helpings a day. Grains form the basis of this level. Second and Third Groups – The food items falling in this group include vegetables and fruits. They are a source of fiber and vitamins. The health pyramid recommends at least 4 servings a day. Fourth Group – The fourth food level consists of dairy products like cheese, milk, and yogurt. The â€Å"Healthy Eating Pyramid† recommends 3 servings per day. Fifth Group – Foods that provide vitamins, minerals and protein are included in this group. Some of the foods recommended in the fifth level are meat, poultry, eggs and fish. You should also include dry fruits, nuts and beans. Have at least 2 helpings a day. Sixth Group – This is the last group in the â€Å"Healthy Eating Pyramid† and is placed at top in the food pyramid. These food items are high in sugar and fat. It is wise to consume these foods sparingly. A significant feature of this healthy pyramid is it gives importance to the quality and not the quantity of food you eat. A recent update to the â€Å"Healthy Eating Pyramid†, is the inclusion of salt to the sixth group, and recommends adding salt sparingly to your food. It also suggests including Vitamin D daily in your diet.