Definition and Evaluation of Holistic Grading

Holistic grading is a method of evaluating a composition based on its overall quality. Also known as  global grading, single-impression scoring, and impressionistic grading. Developed by the Educational Testing Service, holistic grading is often used in large-scale assessments, such as college placement tests. Graders are expected to make judgments based on criteria that have been agreed upon before the start of an evaluation session. Contrast with analytic grading. Holistic grading is useful as a time-saving approach, but it does not provide students with detailed feedback. Observations Teachers who practice holistic grading refuse to break down a students essay into separate problems like punctuation and paragraphing, but base their grade on their immediate sense of the whole derived from a deliberately nonanalytical reading.(Peggy Rosenthal, Words and Values: Some Leading Words and Where They Lead Us. Oxford University Press, 1984)Holistic Grading and Peer ReviewIf the speed of grading is more important than detailed feedback, then  holistic grading is  more appropriate; it just means less feedback for the writer. Pairs or small groups can also evaluate one anothers work using this rubric. Called peer review, it gives them practice in evaluation, helps them internalize the criteria, and relieves you of the burden of grading.(Nancy Burkhalter,  Critical Thinking Now: Practical Teaching Methods for Classrooms Around the World.  Rowman Littlefield,  2016)Inductive Holistic Grading[Holistic grading] is relatively quick, efficient, reliable, and fair when ba cked by instructor experience, practice, and familiarity with the student performance range at the institution. In addition, it easily accommodates essays and assignments that demand higher-order thinking and have multiple respectable responses.With inductive holistic grading, which is suitable for small classes, you read quickly through all the responses or papers, rank each above or below the ones you have already read, from best to worst, and then group them for assigning grades. Finally, you write up descriptions of the quality of each group and then give them to students when you return their work. To personalize the feedback, you can add comments to each students sheet or highlight the most applicable parts of the appropriate description.(Linda B. Nilson, Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors, 3rd ed. Jossey-Bass, 2010)Advantages and Disadvantages of Holistic Grading- An advantage to holistic grading is that graders can evaluate many papers in a short span of time because they do not comment on or correct the students work. Advocates of this method also propose that it makes grading more objective, since students names do not appear on the papers and since the rater may not have had the student in a class . . ..Critics of the method have questioned its validity and reliability, arguing that holistic ratings are swayed by superficial factors such as length and appearance of an essay, that holistic ratings cannot be generalized beyond the group that designed the criteria for judgment, and that the agreed-upon criteria can limit the readers views on the merits of the writing they are evaluating . . ..(Edith Babin and Kimberly Harrison, Contemporary Composition Studies: A Guide to Theorists and Terms. Greenwood Press, 1999)- [H]olistic grading is  probably not the best tactic, even if it seems the easiest and quickest. Assigning a single score, grade, or judgment leaves the student unsure about both quality and content. On e simple approach is to give a composition one grade for content coverage and a separate grade for writing quality.(Robert C. Calfee and Roxanne Greitz Miller, Best Practices in Writing Assessment for Instruction.  Best Practices in Writing Instruction, 2nd ed., edited by  Steve Graham et al. Guilford Press, 2013)Holistic RubricsHolistic rubrics are the quickest way to score papers in any content area, requiring a teacher to read a paper only once. Teachers can develop rubrics by basing them on the content theyve taught and practiced; assess papers based on established criteria agreed upon by students and teachers; and give a single holistic score that indicates the quality level of the writing, ranging from deficient to competent to outstanding.(Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005)

Hiv And The Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 3032 Words

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, was discovered by Dr. Robert Gallo and Dr. Luc Montagnier. HIV had its first known case in a human in the year 1959. Though, its first known case in the United States was in 1981 when the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, known as the CDC, reported five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California with Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia, a rare form of pneumonia. These findings were published in CDC S Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, or MMWR, which is read by physicians around the world. Soon after, The New York Times reported that 41 homosexual men had been diagnosed with a rare cancer called Kaposi s Sarcoma. Since this disease was only spreading amongst gay men at the time,†¦show more content†¦There was no evidence that the patients had gotten AIDS through homosexual contact or drug use where the drug is injected into the vein. Though, there was proof that all of these patients had received Factor VIII concent rates which is a blood transfusion made by combining blood from hundreds of blood donors. The CDC began to receive reports of AIDS amongst a small group of Haitian migrants. AIDS had eventually become a disease of the Four- H club; the four H s meaning homosexuals heroin addicts, hemophiliacs and Haitians. Being included in the Four- H club caused controversy. Haitian Americans complained about stigmatization, officials accused the CDC of racism and Haiti began to decrease in tourism. Also, many Haitian immigrants lost their jobs and were evicted from their homes. The fact that certain viruses can pass between species has been known for a long time. The process of a viral transmission between animals and species is known as zoonosis. People soon began to create theories on how AIDS was developed and spread ; the hunter theory, also called the natural transfer theory, was one of them. This theory is the most simple and reasonable explanation of the AIDS cross-species transmission. In this theory, the virus was transmitted into humans from chimpanzees when a hunter would kill and eat them or the blood of the chimpanzee getting into cuts, wounds or bites of the hunter. This exposure to the blood or fluids

Fugitive Slave Act free essay sample

To say that I find a great interest in American history would be greatly falsified. However, when it comes to slavery it keeps me much more interested than anything else, at the edge of my seat almost. To know what our ancestors may have went through and sacrificed for us to have better lives today even if it wasn’t by choice. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 is an epitome source of one of the obstacles that African-American slaves had to face. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 mandated that in which slaves were to escape they were obligated to return them to their masters upon discovery. Criminal sanctions were also given to those who, in any form helped any slaves’ runaway. This act also made any federal marshal or any other official who didn’t arrest an alleged slave liable to pay a fine up to $1,000. This meant that every federal marshal or official most likely suspected 9 out of 10 African-Americans of being a run away slave because of the color of their skin. We will write a custom essay sample on Fugitive Slave Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At this risk, any suspected runaway slave was not able to ask for trial or even speak on behalf of her/himself. What I believe to make matters worst was that any officer official who captured a slave was given either a bonus or promotion. I believe that this Act and acts in relation to this were put in place to placate the concerns of the south on the spreading of sympathy on slavery in the government. This law required northern states even those that were against slavery, to abide and â€Å"respect† southern laws that declared slavery legal. Basically saying, although you may not agree with our laws and may oppose against slavery you must still report any runaway slave and bring them back to the south to get put through torture. This is, however, how the Fugitive Act is seen in my eyes. After being so intrigued at the source, I took it upon myself to do a bit of more research. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed by congress as a part of the compromise of 1850 between the Southern slave interest and the North soil movement. It has come to my attention that the Fugitive Slave Act was a supply of great controversial of the compromise of 1850, raising the fear of the Northern states for the ‘slave power conspiracy’. There is no other way to read and understand the source in any manner than what is blatantly written on paper, this Act was put in our laws because the white man felt that every African-American that was seen as â€Å"free† was just an escaped slave, running away from his/her master. This making even the Northern states, which did not believe in slavery, abide by the rules in which perhaps they felt were unethical. In conclusion, I would like to remind you that I feel, as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was one of the most unfair laws passed in The United States of America. Before the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, laws were passed in the North stating that any African-American in the North were free. Meaning that even escaped slaves from the south could be free in the North. However, Due to the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 these laws were overturned. This gave bounty hunters the right to approach African-Americans at random, prosecute them and claim they were escaped slaves. I believe this law even gave crooked bounty hunters the right to unfairly and wrongly send free, innocent African-Americans into slavery.

Research Proposal on Tesco Essay Example

Research Proposal on Tesco Essay Tesco is one of the biggest British retailers and multinational groceries and the second-largest retailer in the world. Being a multinational company, Tesco has its stores all over the world but the largest concentration of the stores is in the UK, Poland, Czech Republic, Ireland, Japan, etc. The company was established in 1919 and the name Tesco was introduced in 1924 and the first store appeared in the suburbs of London in 1929. The retail business of Tesco developed very quickly, because the popularity of such stores constantly increased, so by the 1939 the company owned more than 100 stores all over the country. In the 1990-ies Tesco entered the international arena and opened its stores in different countries of the world and increased the choice of its goods and services. For example, it is possible to purchase petrol, books, clothes, electrical appliances and other items in spite of food products. These innovations increased the popularity of the company and attracted more and more customers. Tesco has many different types of stores, which are located logically. For example, the small or standard-sized supermarkets are located in the city centers and in such profitable areas like train and metro stations; and the large hypermarkets are generally situated on the suburbs of the big cities where the area is extremely large. The main secret of Tesco’s success is the expansion on every sector of the market. The company does not limit itself with food products but sells all possible goods and offers numerous services to its customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Tesco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Tesco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Tesco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tesco is one of the most successful retailers in the world and it is interesting and useful to learn more about it. If the student wants to research the topic deeper, he can try to complete a research proposal and focus on the most thought-provoking points. A good Tesco research proposal should persuade the professor in the success of the choice of the topic with the help of the brand new facts and interesting predictions concerning the results of the investigation. One should present the purpose of the research, introduce the appropriate methods for the research and use only up-to-date reliable sources to collect information for the analysis. In order to cope with research proposal writing, the student should use the trustworthy help of the Internet and read a free example research proposal on Tesco written by an expert. With the help of this paper the student can learn many new things about the organization of the process of writing, the formatting of the paper, its structure and the appropriate way of the analysis of the topic. Furthermore, reading a free sample research proposal on Tesco a student learns to write in the convincing manner following the general requirements. NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Tesco are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!